Wetenschappelijke artikelen gebruikt in het boek
Alle claims in dit boek zijn gebaseerd op wetenschappelijke studies. Bij elke claim is dan ook een verwijzing geplaatst naar het corresponderende wetenschappelijke artikel. Deze “verwijzingen” worden aangegeven met kleine cijfertjes in de tekst in mijn boek. Om het eenvoudiger te maken om deze verwijzingen terug te vinden wordt in dit referentie hoofdstuk dezelfde hoofdstukstructuur als in het boek aangehouden.
Voedingswaarschuwingen
- V3380 Inzicht in de suikerconsumptie en ‘waste’ in Nederland
- The effects of sugars intake and frequency of ingestion on dental caries increment in a three-year longitudinal study
Consumption of sugars from all sources averaged 156 g per day for males and 127 g per day for females, an average of 52 kg per person per year. Sugars constituted one-quarter of total caloric intake for both boys and girls, and the average number of eating occasions per day was 4.3. Children who consumed a higher proportion of their total energy intake as sugars had a higher increment of approximal caries, though there was little relation to pit-and-fissure caries - Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), particularly carbonated soft drinks, may be a key contributor to the epidemic of overweight and obesity, by virtue of these beverages' high added sugar content, low satiety, and incomplete compensation for total energy. The weight of epidemiologic and experimental evidence indicates that a greater consumption of SSBs is associated with weight gain and obesity - Sugar intake and public health
Sugars in beverages and candy only contribute with energy that can lead to an increased amount of fat in the body. High sugar intakes contribute to development of overweight, diabetes type 2 and caries. Glucose from sucrose and starch increase blood glucose levels and stimulate insulin secretion - Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women
Higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with a greater magnitude of weight gain and an increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes in women, possibly by providing excessive calories and large amounts of rapidly absorbable sugars - Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the United States: an ecologic assessment
Increasing intakes of refined carbohydrate (corn syrup) concomitant with decreasing intakes of fiber paralleled the upward trend in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes observed in the United States during the 20th century - Consumption of sugar and sugar-sweetened foods and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a prospective study
High consumption of sugar and high-sugar foods may be associated with a greater risk of pancreatic cancer - Effect of dietary carbohydrates on the in vitro epithelial adhesion of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei
These results suggest that the frequent consumption of carbohydrates, such as sucrose, glucose, maltose, or fructose, might represent a risk factor for oral candidosis. The limitation of their consumption by substituting xylitol or sorbitol could be of value in the control of oral Candida colonization and infection - Soft drink consumption and risk of developing cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in the community
Consumption of > or = 1 soft drink per day was associated with increased odds of developing metabolic syndrome (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.74), obesity (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.68), increased waist circumference (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.56), impaired fasting glucose (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.48), higher blood pressure (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.44), hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.51), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 1.32; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.64). - Prevention of childhood obesity by reducing soft drinks
There is an association between obesity and consumption of soft drinks. Initiatives focusing on reducing the consumption of these drinks may help to prevent a further increase in childhood obesity - Reducing sugary beverage consumption in childhood may lessen chronic disease risk
The consumption of HFCS increased > 1000% between 1970 and 1990, far exceeding the changes in intake of any other food or food group. Thus, the increase in consumption of HFCS has a temporal relation to the epidemic of obesity, and the overconsumption of HFCS in calorically sweetened beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity - Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity
The consumption of HFCS increased > 1000% between 1970 and 1990, far exceeding the changes in intake of any other food or food group. Thus, the increase in consumption of HFCS has a temporal relation to the epidemic of obesity, and the overconsumption of HFCS in calorically sweetened beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity - Dietary fructose reduces circulating insulin and leptin, attenuates postprandial suppression of ghrelin, and increases triglycerides in women
Consumption of HFr meals produced a rapid and prolonged elevation of plasma triglycerides compared with the HGl day (P < 0.005). Because insulin and leptin, and possibly ghrelin, function as key signals to the central nervous system in the long-term regulation of energy balance, decreases of circulating insulin and leptin and increased ghrelin concentrations, as demonstrated in this study, could lead to increased caloric intake and ultimately contribute to weight gain and obesity during chronic consumption of diets high in fructose - Fructose consumption: potential mechanisms for its effects to increase visceral adiposity and induce dyslipidemia and insulin resistance
we have reported that consumption of a high-fructose diet, but not a high-glucose diet, promotes the development of three of the pathological characteristics associated with metabolic syndrome: visceral adiposity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resist - Fructose, weight gain, and the insulin resistance syndrome
Because leptin production is regulated by insulin responses to meals, fructose consumption also reduces circulating leptin concentrations. The combined effects of lowered circulating leptin and insulin in individuals who consume diets that are high in dietary fructose could therefore increase the likelihood of weight gain and its associated metabolic sequelae - Dietary fructose and the metabolic syndrome
There is much evidence from both animal models and human studies supporting the notion that fructose is a highly lipogenic nutrient that, when consumed in high quantities, contributes to tissue insulin insensitivity, metabolic defects, and the development of a prediabetic state. Recently evidence has helped to decipher the mechanisms involved in these metabolic changes. - Fructose and the metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms
Emerging evidence suggests that increased dietary consumption of fructose in Western society may be a potentially important factor in the growing rates of obesity and the metabolic syndrome - High fructose consumption combined with low dietary magnesium intake may increase the incidence of the metabolic syndrome by inducing inflammation
Accordingly, magnesium deficiency combined with a high-fructose diet induces insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, endothelial activation and prothrombic changes in combination with the upregulation of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress - Magnesium content of the food supply in the modern-day world
A large-scale US survey has shown that the dietary magnesium intake tends to be lower than recommended. The suboptimal intake prevalent among US adults is consistent with the pattern observed in other North American and European surveys - Fructose consumption as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
The pathogenic mechanism underlying the development of NAFLD may be associated with excessive dietary fructose consumption - Dietary glycemic load, added sugars, and carbohydrates as risk factors for pancreatic cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort Study
High fructose and sucrose intakes may play a role in pancreatic cancer etiology. Conditions such as overweight or obesity in which a degree of insulin resistance may be present may also be important - Fructose consumption and the risk of kidney stones
We documented 4902 incident kidney stones during a combined 48 years of follow-up. The multivariate relative risks of kidney stones significantly increased for participants in the highest compared to the lowest quintile of total-fructose intake for all three study groups - A role for sweet taste: calorie predictive relations in energy regulation by rats
Animals may use sweet taste to predict the caloric contents of food. Eating sweet noncaloric substances may degrade this predictive relationship, leading to positive energy balance through increased food intake and/or diminished energy expenditure - Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human hypothalamic responses to sweet taste and calories
However, only glucose triggered an early rise in insulin concentrations. Aspartame did not trigger any insulin response. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that both sweet taste and energy content are required for a hypothalamic response. The combination of sweet taste and energy content could be crucial in triggering adaptive responses to sweetened bevera - Relationships between insulin release and taste
Tasting sweet food elicits insulin release prior to increasing plasma glucose levels, known as cephalic phase insulin release (CPIR). The non-nutritive sweetener saccharine elicited CPIR - Fatty acid-mediated activation of vascular endothelial cells
Furthermore, linoleic acid and other omega-6 fatty acids appear to be the most proinflammatory and possibly atherogenic fatty acids - Involvement of CYP 2C9 in mediating the proinflammatory effects of linoleic acid in vascular endothelial cells
Our data show that CYP 2C9 plays a key role in linoleic acid-induced oxidative stress and subsequent proinflammatory events in vascular endothelial cells by possibly causing superoxide generation through uncoupling processes - The role of linoleic acid in endothelial cell gene expression. Relationship to atherosclerosis
There is evidence that linoleic acid plays a critical role in gene expression and vascular function as it relates to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis - High-energy diets, fatty acids and endothelial cell function: implications for atherosclerosis
Our studies suggest that omega-6 fatty acids, and especially linoleic acid, cause endothelial cell dysfunction most markedly as well as can potentiate TNF-mediated endothelial cell injury. We propose that high-energy diets, and especially diets rich in linoleic acid, are atherogenic by contributing to an imbalance in cellular oxidative stress/antioxidant status of the endothelium, which can lead to activation of oxidative stress-responsive transcription factors, inflammatory cytokine production and the expression of adhesion molecules - VoedingsCentrum Vetwijzer
- The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids
Excessive amounts of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and a very high omega-6/omega-3 ratio, as is found in today's Western diets, promote the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases - Evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio and genetic variation: nutritional implications for chronic diseases
Anthropological and epidemiological studies and studies at the molecular level indicate that human beings evolved on a diet with a ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 essential fatty acids (EFA) of approximately 1 whereas in Western diets the ratio is 15/1 to 16.7/1 - The omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio, genetic variation, and cardiovascular disease
A high omega-6/omega-3 ratio, as is found in today's Western diets, promotes the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease - Dietary modulation of omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios in patients with breast cancer
Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-6 (omega-6) class, as found in corn and safflower oils, can act as precursors for intermediates involved in the growth of mammary tumors when fed to animals, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 (omega-3) class, as found in fish oil, can inhibit these effects - Modulation of omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated ratios with dietary fish oils in men with prostate cancer
A short-term dietary intervention in men with prostate cancer leads to a significant increase in the omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratios in plasma and adipose tissue. The potential for this diet to prevent the development and progression of prostate cancer by way of altered COX-2 expression and prostaglandin production in prostatic tissue requires further study - Increasing homicide rates and linoleic acid consumption among five Western countries, 1961-2000
Clinical intervention trials and animal studies indicate that increasing dietary intakes of long chain n-3 FA or reducing linoleic acid intake may reduce aggressive and violent behaviors. Greater apparent consumption of linoleic acid correlated with higher rates of homicide mortality - Beneficial role of dietary phytoestrogens in obesity and diabetes
Evidence is emerging that dietary phytoestrogens play a beneficial role in obesity and diabetes. Nutritional intervention studies performed in animals and humans suggest that the ingestion of soy protein associated with isoflavones and flaxseed rich in lignans improves glucose control and insulin resistance - Implications of antinutritional components in soybean foods
There are a number of components present in soybeans that exert a negative impact on the nutritional quality of the protein. Other diverse but ill-defined factors appear to increase the requirements for vitamins A, B12, D, and E - Effect of beef and soy proteins on the absorption of non-heme iron and inorganic zinc in children
The inhibitory effect of the soy based meal on iron and zinc absorption could be overcome by fortifying the soy protein with these minerals during the production process - Artificial baby milks:how safe is soya?
Infants being fed soya-based artificial baby milks receive the equivalent level of phytoestrogens (per kg body weight) of several contraceptive pills every day - Margarine's trans-fatty acid composition: modifications during the last decades and new trends
Trans fatty acids isomers are formed during the hydrogenation process used in the food industry to harden oils. In the last decades there has been a great controversy about the consumption of margarine due to the levels of trans fatty acids they contain - Trans fatty acids and insulin resistance
Since trans fatty acids (TFA) might interfere with cell membrane functions, there are reasons to believe that high TFA intakes could affect insulin sensitivity and consequently diabetes risk - Dietary trans fatty acid intake is associated with increased fetal loss
Since PPAR-gamma plays a pivotal role in placental biology and is down-regulated by TFAs, TFAs may be a reversible risk factor for fetal loss - Trans fatty acids in maternal milk lead to cardiac insulin resistance in adult offspring
Our data suggest that the consumption of hydrogenated fat, rich in TFAs, by the mothers during the lactation period caused cardiac insulin resistance in the adult progeny, thus reinforcing the hypothesis that early adaptations may cause deleterious consequences later in life - Dietary fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in women
These data suggest that total fat and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid intakes are not associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in women, but that trans fatty acids increase and polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce risk - Trans fatty acids - effects on systemic inflammation and endothelial function
Consumption of trans fatty acids (TFA) predicts higher risk of coronary heart disease, sudden death, and possibly diabetes mellitus. These associations are greater than would be predicted by effects of TFA on serum lipoproteins alone - Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular risk: a unique cardiometabolic imprint?
Prospective observational studies demonstrate strong positive associations between TFA consumption and risk of myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, and sudden death - Association between serum trans-monounsaturated fatty acids and breast cancer risk in the E3N-EPIC Study
A high serum level of trans-monounsaturated fatty acids, presumably reflecting a high intake of industrially processed foods, is probably one factor contributing to increased risk of invasive breast cancer in wom - Raad Enkele belangrijke ontwikkelingen in de voedselconsumptie
Ook de samenstelling van de vetzuren in de voeding vertoonde een gunstige ontwikkeling: het percentage verzadigde vetzuren en transvetzuren nam af tot respectievelijk ongeveer 14% en 1,7%. Toch is de inname nog steeds hoger dan de 10% en 0,8% die vanuit gezondheidskundig oogpunt aanvaardbaar wordt geacht. De veranderingen in consumptie hebben van 1987 tot 1997 geleid tot een verminderde inname van vitamines (vooral A, E, D en foliumzuur) en mineralen (zoals ijzer). - Triglycerides induce leptin resistance at the blood-brain barrier
Here, we show that milk, for which fats are 98% triglycerides, immediately inhibited leptin transport as assessed with in vivo, in vitro, and in situ models of the BBB. Fat-free milk and intralipid, a source of vegetable triglycerides, were without effect. We conclude that triglycerides are an important cause of leptin resistance as mediated by impaired transport across the BBB and suggest that triglyceride-mediated leptin resistance may have evolved as an anti-anorectic mechanism during starvation - Milk, dietary calcium, and bone fractures in women: a 12-year prospective study
Women who drank two or more glasses of milk per day had relative risks of 1.45 for hip fracture (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87, 2.43) and 1.05 for forearm fracture (95% CI = 0.88, 1.25) when compared with women consuming one glass or less per week - Adolescent milk, dairy product and fruit consumption and testicular cancer
There is an association between dairy product consumption and the incidence of testicular cancer in different countries. In a multivariate analysis the odds ratio between cases and population controls for the association of undescended testis and testicular cancer was 7.19 (95% CI 2.36-21.9) and for each extra quarter pint of milk consumed it was 1.39 (95% CI 1.19-1.63). - Antibodies to food antigens in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
We suggest that impairment of oral tolerance might be related to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus - Cow's milk and immune-mediated diabetes
Epidemiological studies in man have led to the hypothesis that introduction of cow's milk-based infant formula within the first 3 months of life is associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, in animal models of type 1 diabetes mellitus, cow's milk proteins have been proven to be 'diabetogenic'Epidemiological studies in man have led to the hypothesis that introduction of cow's milk-based infant formula within the first 3 months of life is associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, in animal models of type 1 diabetes mellitus, cow's milk proteins have been proven to be 'diabetogenic' - Cow's milk formula feeding induces primary immunization to insulin in infants at genetic risk for type 1 diabetes
Cow's milk feeding is an environmental trigger of immunity to insulin in infancy that may explain the epidemiological link between the risk of type 1 diabetes and early exposure to cow's milk formulas. This immune response to insulin may later be diverted into autoaggressive immunity against beta-cells in some individuals, as indicated by our findings in children with diabetes-associated autoantibodies - Incidence and mortality of testicular and prostatic cancers in relation to world dietary practices
The results of our study suggest a role of milk and dairy products in the development and growth of testicular and prostatic cancers - Galactose consumption and metabolism in relation to the risk of ovarian cancer
Lactose consumption may be a dietary risk factor and transferase a genetic risk factor for ovarian cancer - Johne's disease and milk: do consumers need to worry?
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, an acid-fast bacillus that causes enteritis in ruminants, has been suggested as an etiological agent of Crohn's disease in humans. In addition, a recent news report stated that viable M. paratuberculosis organisms have been cultured from retail-ready milk in Ireland - Triglycerides induce leptin resistance at the blood-brain barrier
Here, we show that milk, for which fats are 98% triglycerides, immediately inhibited leptin transport as assessed with in vivo, in vitro, and in situ models of the BBB. Fat-free milk and intralipid, a source of vegetable triglycerides, were without effect. We conclude that triglycerides are an important cause of leptin resistance as mediated by impaired transport across the BBB and suggest that triglyceride-mediated leptin resistance may have evolved as an anti-anorectic mechanism during starvation - Peptides regulating food intake and body weight
So, adipocytes synthesize and express leptin, the product of Ob gene, a regulator of long-term food intake, in amounts proportional to the fat amount - The blood-brain barrier as a cause of obesity
We postulate that hypertriglyceridemia evolved as a starvation signal to the brain that acts in part to inhibit the transport of the leptin across the BBB. The hypertriglyceridemia of obesity invokes this aspect of the starvation response, inducing leptin resistance at the BBB - Elevated leptin: consequence or cause of obesity?
Once leptin resistance takes hold, each subsequent exposure to high-density food faces diminished counter-regulatory responses, leading to exacerbated weight gain - *Smeersels met weinig vet zijn de beste keus*
Het Voorlichtingsbureau Margarine, Vetten en Oliën (MVO) is een campagne gestart om het besmeren van brood te promoten. Onder het motto ‘Een boterham is gezond, maar een boterham met margarine is gezonder’ wordt aangegeven dat het besmeren van brood een belangrijke bijdrage levert aan een gezond eetpatroon. Het Voedingscentrum is het daarmee eens, maar geeft daarbij de voorkeur aan smeersels met zo min mogelijk vet. Die bevatten weinig verzadigd vet én leveren minder calorieën
SITE MAP
- Candida: Candida infectie - CVS/ME: Chronische vermoeidheid Syndroom - Diabetische complicaties: Behandeling diabetische complicaties - Neuropathie - Retinopathie - Nefropathie - Bloeduiker stabilisatie - Hart en vaatziekten: Cardiomyopathie en Hartfalen - Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure - Hoge bloeddruk - Cholesterol verlaging - Aderverkalking (atherosclerose) - Levensverlenging: Levensverlenging - DHEA - Melatonine - 65+ - Kanker: - Ondersteuningstherapie bij kanker - Artrose en artritis: - Artrose - Artritis - Fibromyalgie: - Fibromyalgie - Urinewegen: - Prostaatklachten - Blaasontsteking - Voeding: Voeding wat is er mis mee - Melk - Suiker - Aanvulling onvolwaardige voeding - Vitamine supplementen: Voedingssupplementen - Overgewicht: - Overgewicht - SLIM - Andere artikelen: - HPU - Astma - Multiple Sclerose - Psoriasis - Staar - Depressie - Behandelingsforum - Orthomoleculaire Geneeskunde
- Candida: Candida infectie - CVS/ME: Chronische vermoeidheid Syndroom - Diabetische complicaties: Behandeling diabetische complicaties - Neuropathie - Retinopathie - Nefropathie - Bloeduiker stabilisatie - Hart en vaatziekten: Cardiomyopathie en Hartfalen - Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure - Hoge bloeddruk - Cholesterol verlaging - Aderverkalking (atherosclerose) - Levensverlenging: Levensverlenging - DHEA - Melatonine - 65+ - Kanker: - Ondersteuningstherapie bij kanker - Artrose en artritis: - Artrose - Artritis - Fibromyalgie: - Fibromyalgie - Urinewegen: - Prostaatklachten - Blaasontsteking - Voeding: Voeding wat is er mis mee - Melk - Suiker - Aanvulling onvolwaardige voeding - Vitamine supplementen: Voedingssupplementen - Overgewicht: - Overgewicht - SLIM - Andere artikelen: - HPU - Astma - Multiple Sclerose - Psoriasis - Staar - Depressie - Behandelingsforum - Orthomoleculaire Geneeskunde
