Wetenschappelijke artikelen - FASE III
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FASE III: Verhoging van verbranding door lichaamsbeweging en supplementen
Verhoging van uw verbranding door beweging
- Effects of dieting and exercise on resting metabolic rate and implications for weight manageme
Resting metabolic rate accounts for 60–75% of total energy expenditure in sedentary people. Therefore, it is a major determinant of energy balance and changes in weight - A new device for measuring resting energy expenditure (REE) in healthy subjects
Resting energy expenditure (REE) is the largest part of human energy expenditure (60-70%) and an increase or decrease in REE would have a large impact on total energy - Physical activity and resting metabolic rate
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the largest component of the daily energy budget in most human societies and, therefore, any increases in RMR in response to exercise interventions are potentially of great importance. Long-term effects of training include increases in RMR due to increases in lean muscle mass. Many studies of human subjects indicate a short-term elevation in RMR in response to single exercise events (generally termed the excess post-exercise O2 consumption; EPOC). This EPOC appears to have two phases, one lasting < 2 h and a smaller much more prolonged effect lasting up to 48 h - The role of diet and exercise for the maintenance of fat-free mass and resting metabolic rate during weight loss
Research efforts for effective treatment strategies still focus on diet and exercise programmes, the individual components of which have been investigated in intervention trials in order to determine the most effective recommendations for sustained changes in bodyweight. The foremost objective of a weight-loss trial has to be the reduction in body fat leading to a decrease in risk factors for metabolic syndrome. However, a concomitant decline in lean tissue can frequently be observed. Given that fat-free mass (FFM) represents a key determinant of the magnitude of resting metabolic rate (RMR), it follows that a decrease in lean tissue could hinder the progress of weight loss. Therefore, with respect to long-term effectiveness of weight-loss programmes, the loss of fat mass while maintaining FFM and RMR seems desirable. - The effects of a 20-week exercise training program on resting metabolic rate in previously sedentary, moderately obese women
Resistance training (RT) can potentiate an increase in RMR through an increase in fat-free mass - Hyperinsulinism. Causes and mechanisms
A high plasma insulin concentration in the presence of a normal or high plasma glucose level appears to be a common feature of glucose intolerance, obesity, and hypertension - Lipogenesis
Lipogenesis is the process by which simple sugars such as glucose are converted to fatty acids. Insulin stimulates lipogenesis in three main ways. - Dietary carbohydrate's effects on lipogenesis and the relationship of lipogenesis to blood insulin and glucose concentrations
The process by which dietary carbohydrate is transformed into fat in the human body is termed de novo lipogenesis. Of interest is the relationship between the glycemic index of a food (or indicators of a food's glycemic index) and that food's ability to stimulate lipogenesis in humans - Acute effect of exercise on plasma leptin level and insulin resistance in obese women with stable caloric intake
Our study suggests that acute exercise decreases insulin resistance at the first exercise session with no effect on leptin levels. Significant leptin decrement was evident at the first week and lasted during the entire four weeks exercise session - American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and type 2 diabetes
Favorable changes in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity usually deteriorate within 72 h of the last exercise session: consequently, regular physical activity is imperative to sustain glucose-lowering effects and improved insulin sensitivity - New approach for weight reduction by a combination of diet, light resistance exercise and the timing of ingesting a protein supplement
The RMR and post-meal total energy output significantly increased in Protein Supplement group (S), while these variables did not change in Control Group ©. In addition, the urinary nitrogen excretion tended to increase in C but not in S. These results suggest that the RMR increase observed in S might be associated with an increase in body protein synthesis - Intricacies of Fat
One of the most exciting cell biology fields of study concerns the physiology and pathology of fat. The basic assumptions once held concerning the function of adipose tissue have been shown to be oversimplified or sometimes completely wrong. Fat does more than store excess energy; it is actually the largest endocrine organ in the body, and it may be one of the most act - Metabolic effects associated with adipose tissue distribution
Adipose tissue produces and secretes a variety of bioactive peptides - adipokines The most recently described adipocyte secretory proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, a proinflammatory state and promote progression of atherosclerosis - The role of the fat tissue and its hormones in the mechanisms of insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
The fact that fat issue is an endocrine gland secreting several hormones participating in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is universally recognized. Fat issue secretes leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, resistin, adiponectin, interleukin-6, free fatty acids, visfatin, omentin, perilipin, and other substances that influence the condition of insulinoresistance, one of the main factors responsible for DM2 - Exercise as a therapeutic intervention for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance
This review provides evidence that physical inactivity is significantly associated with IGT and directly contributes to the cascade of events that lead to the expression of the 'exercise-deficient phenotype' associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In contrast, exercise training will be shown to significantly reduce the risk of developing insulin resistance by improving glucose tolerance and insulin action in individuals predisposed to develop type 2 diabetes. - The effect of exercise, training, and inactivity on insulin sensitivity in diabetics and their relatives: what is new?', '800', '600',0,0,1,1);">
Several large-scale studies have documented the fact that increased physical activity can reduce or at least postpone the development of type 2 diabetes, and low physical fitness is a clear independent risk factor for the development of type 2 diabet - Eating, exercise, and "thrifty" genotypes: connecting the dots toward an evolutionary understanding of modern chronic diseases
However, food supply was never consistent. Thus it is contended that the ancient hunter-gatherer had cycles of feast and famine, punctuated with obligate periods of physical activity and rest. Hence, gene selection in the Late-Paleolithic era was probably influenced by physical activity and rest. To ensure survival during periods of famine, certain genes evolved to regulate efficient intake and utilization of fuel stores. Such genes were termed "thrifty genes" in 1962. Furthermore, convincing evidence shows that this ancient genome has remained essentially unchanged over the past 10,000 years and certainly not changed in the past 40-100 years. Although the absolute caloric intake of modern-day humans is likely lower compared with our hunter-gatherer ancestors, it is nevertheless in positive caloric balance in the majority of the US adult population mainly due to the increased sedentary lifestyle in present society. We contend that the combination of continuous food abundance and physical inactivity eliminates the evolutionarily programmed biochemical cycles emanating from feast-famine and physical activity-rest cycles, which in turn abrogates the cycling of certain metabolic processes, ultimately resulting in metabolic derangements such as obesity and Type 2 diabet - Endurance training in obese humans improves glucose tolerance and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and alters muscle lipid content
These findings suggest that the improved capacity for mitochondrial FA uptake and oxidation leads not only to a reduction in muscle lipid content but also a to change in the saturation status of lipids, which may, at least in part, provide a mechanism for the enhanced insulin action observed with endurance training in obese individuals
Verhoging van de verbranding met supplementen
- The role of diet and exercise for the maintenance of fat-free mass and resting metabolic rate during weight loss
However, a concomitant decline in lean tissue can frequently be observed. Given that fat-free mass (FFM) represents a key determinant of the magnitude of resting metabolic rate (RMR), it follows that a decrease in lean tissue could hinder the progress of weight loss. Therefore, with respect to long-term effectiveness of weight-loss programmes, the loss of fat mass while maintaining FFM and RMR seems desirable - The effects of pyruvate supplementation on body composition in overweight individuals
After 6 wk of treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease in body weight (-1.2 kg, P<0.001), body fat (-2.5 kg, P<0.001), and percent body fat (23.0% pre versus 20.3% 6 wk post) in the pyruvate group. Thus, the ingestion of 6 g of pyruvate for 6 wk, in conjunction with mild physical activity, resulted in a significant decrease in body weight and fat mass - Short-term (-)-hydroxycitrate ingestion increases fat oxidation during exercise in athletes.
These results suggest that a short-term administration of HCA enhances endurance performance with increasing fat oxidation, which spares glycogen utilization during moderate intensity exercise in athletes - Effects of (-)-hydroxycitrate on net fat synthesis as de novo lipogenesis
(-)-Hydroxycitrate (HCA) might promote weight maintenance by limiting the capacity for de novo lipogenesis (DNL). We conclude that an experimental condition resulting in DNL in humans was created and that treatment with HCA during overfeeding with carbohydrates may reduce DNL - Efficacy of a novel calcium/potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid in weight control
The combined results confirm that HCA-SX and, to a greater degree, the combination of HCA-SX plus NBC and GSE reduce body weight and BMI, suppress appetite, improve blood lipid profiles, increase serum leptin and serotonin levels and increase fat oxidation more than placebo. We conclude that dosage levels, timing of administration, subject compliance and bioavailability of HCA-SX significantly affect results and that when taken as directed, HCA-SX is a highly effective adjunct to healthy weight control - An overview of the safety and efficacy of a novel, natural(-)-hydroxycitric acid extract (HCA-SX) for weight management.
Garcinia cambogia-derived (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is a safe, natural supplement for weight management. HCA is a competitive inhibitor of ATP citrate lyase, a key enzyme which facilitates the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol and triglycerides.. These results demonstrate the safety, bioavailability and efficacy of HCA-SX in weight management - The effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate on energy intake and satiety in overweight humans
Twenty-four-hour EI was decreased by 15-30% (P<0.05) with HCA treatment compared to placebo, without changes in the appetite profile, dietary restraint, mood, taste perception and hedonics, while body weight tended to decrease (P=0.1).CONCLUSION: HCA treatment reduced 24 h EI in humans while satiety was sustained - Proposed mechanisms of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate for anti-obesity
Green tea catechins (GTCs) are polyphenolic flavonoids formerly called vitamin P. GTCs, especially (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), lower the incidence of cancers, collagen-induced arthritis, oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases, and streptozotocin-induced diabetes - Tea polyphenols, their biological effects and potential molecular targets
The results of several investigations indicate that green tea consumption may be of modest benefit in reducing the plasma concentration of cholesterol and preventing atherosclerosis. Additionally, the cancer-preventive effects of green tea are widely supported by results from epidemiological, cell culture, animal and clinical studies - Effects of green tea and EGCG on cardiovascular and metabolic health
Dose-response relationships observed in several epidemiological studies have indicated that pronounced cardiovascular and metabolic health benefits can be obtained by regular consumption of 5-6 or more cups of green tea per day. Furthermore, intervention studies using similar amounts of green tea, containing 200-300 mg of EGCG, have demonstrated its usefulness for maintaining cardiovascular and metabolic health. Additionally, there are numerous in vivo studies demonstrating that green tea and EGCG exert cardiovascular and metabolic benefits in these model systems - Sustained depression of the resting metabolic rate after massive weight loss
RMR significantly decreased 22% (p less than 0.01) with initiation of the modified fast. A sustained decrement in RMR accompanied weight loss and persisted for greater than or equal to 8 wk despite increased caloric consumption and body weight stabilization - Short and long term effects of a very low calorie diet on resting metabolic rate and body composition
During a period of 6 months on diet, RMR decreased significantly, both in absolute value and after correction for fat-free mass (FFM). - Anti-obesity effects of green tea: from bedside to bench
Green tea, green tea catechins, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been demonstrated in cell culture and animal models of obesity to reduce adipocyte differentiation and proliferation, lipogenesis, fat mass, body weight, fat absorption, plasma levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids, cholesterol, glucose, insulin and leptin, as well as to increase beta-oxidation and thermogenesis - Green tea and thermogenesis: interactions between catechin-polyphenols, caffeine and sympathetic activity
We report here that a green tea extract stimulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis to an extent which is much greater than can be attributed to its caffeine content per se, and that its thermogenic properties could reside primarily in an interaction between its high content in catechin-polyphenols and caffeine with sympathetically released noradrenaline (NA). - Green tea extract thermogenesis-induced weight loss by epigallocatechin gallate inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase
Reports have shown that green tea extract intake is associated with increased weight loss due to diet-induced thermogenesis, which is generally attributed to the catechin epigallocatechin gallate - A relationship between dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and insulin resistance in obese men and women
Significant negative correlation between DHEAS and HOMA-IR was found in the group of obese type 2 diabetic women but not in obese non-diabetic women suggesting that low DHEAS level might be connected to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese women. - The relationship between testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations, insulin resistance and visceral obesity in elderly men
DHEA-S and testosterone deficiency were independently associated with higher insulin resistance and obesity - The relationship between androgens concentrations (testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) and metabolic syndrome in non-obese elderly men
The DHEA-S and testosterone deficiency was a significant and independent risk factor of the metabolic syndrome in non-obese elderly men - Significance of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in different diseases
The levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate are maximal between the ages of 20 and 30 years, then start a decline of 2% per year, leaving a residual of 10-20% of the peak production by the eight decade of life - Dehydroepiandrosterone, obesity and cardiovascular disease risk: a review of human studies
The age-related decline in serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated ester (DHEA-S) has suggested that a relative deficiency of these steroids may be causally related to the development of chronic diseases generally associated with aging, including insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, reductions of the immune defense, depression and a general deterioration in the sensation of well-being - DHEA(S): the fountain of youth
The decline of DHEAS concentrations with aging has led to the suggestion that DHEAS could play a role in itself and be implicated in longevity. Moreover, the epidemiological evidence has shown that adult men with high plasma DHEAS levels are less likely to die of cardiovascular disease. DHEA has also been shown to increase the body's ability to transform food into energy and burn off excess fat. Another recent finding involves the anti-inflammatory properties of DHEA. It has been known that DHEA can lower the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). It should be pointed out that chronic inflammation is known to play a critical role in the development of the killer diseases of aging: heart disease, Alzheimer's disease and certain types of cancer - Steroids and thermogenesis
Apart from thyroid hormones, as the main hormonal regulators of obligatory thermogenesis, and catecholamines, as major hormonal regulators of facultative thermogenesis, production of heat in homeotherms can also be influenced by steroids. Generally, hormones can influence heat production by regulating the activity of various enzymes of oxidative metabolism, by modulating membrane protein carriers and other membrane or nuclear protein factors. Proton carriers in the inner mitochondrial membrane, known as uncoupling proteins, play the key role in heat dissipation to the detriment of the formation of energy-rich phosphates. Apart from hormonal steroids, dehydroepiandrosterone, an important precursor in the metabolic pathway leading to hormonal steroids which possess many, mostly beneficial effects on human health, modulates metabolic pathways which may lead to increased heat production. Recent studies demonstrate that 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone, one of its 7-oxygenated metabolites, is even more effective than dehydroepiandrosterone. Recent findings of various actions of these steroids support the view that they may also participate in modulating thermogenic effects - Ergosteroids: induction of thermogenic enzymes in liver of rats treated with steroids derived from dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an intermediate in the biosynthesis of testosterone and estrogens, exerts several physiological effects not involving the sex hormones. Animals and humans, and their excised tissues, are known to hydroxylate DHEA at several positions and to interconvert 7 alpha-hydroxy-DHEA, 7 beta-hydroxy-DHEA, 7-oxo-DHEA, and the corresponding derivatives of androst-5-enediol. We report here that these 7-oxygenated derivatives are active inducers of these thermogenic enzymes in rats and that the 7-oxo derivatives are more active than the parent steroids. We postulate that the 7 alpha-hydroxy and 7-oxo derivatives are on a metabolic pathway from DHEA to more active steroid hormones. These 7-oxo steroids have potential as therapeutic agents because of their increased activity and because they are not convertible to either testosterone or estrogens. - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 3-acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone in healthy overweight adults
The results of the study suggest that 7-oxo-DHEA combined with moderate exercise and a reduced-calorie diet significantly reduces body weight and body fat compared with exercise and a reduced-calorie diet alone. In addition, 7-oxo-DHEA significantly elevated T3 levels but did not affect TSH or T4 levels, indicating that it does not adversely affect thyroid function in the short term - Effect of DHEA on Abdominal Fat and Insulin Action in Elderly Women and Men
Based on intention-to-treat analyses, DHEA therapy compared with placebo induced significant decreases in visceral fat area (–13 cm2 vs +3 cm2, respectively; P = .001) and subcutaneous fat (–13 cm2 vs +2 cm2, P = .003). - Dehydroepiandrosterone reduces serum low density lipoprotein levels and body fat but does not alter insulin sensitivity in normal men
To assess the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on body fat mass, serum lipid levels, and tissue sensitivity to insulin, five normal men were given placebo and five normal men were given oral DHEA [1600 mg/day (554.7 mmol/day)] for 28 days in a randomized, double blind study. In the DHEA group the mean percent body fat decreased by 31%, with no change in weight. This suggests that the reduction in fat mass was coupled with an increase in muscle mass. DHEA administration also resulted in a fall in mean serum total cholesterol concentration (4.82 +/- 0.21 vs. 4.48 +/- 0.29 nmol/L; P less than 0.05), which was due almost entirely to a fall of 7.5% in mean serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.21 +/- 0.11 vs. 2.97 +/- 0.14 nmol/L; P less than 0.01. These results suggest that in normal men DHEA administration reduces body fat, increases muscle mass, and reduces serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Tissue sensitivity to insulin was unaffected by short term DHEA administration - Safety and pharmacokinetic study with escalating doses of 3-acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone in healthy male volunteers
These results indicate that 3beta-acetyl-7-oxo-DHEA is safe and well tolerated in normal healthy men at doses up to 200 mg/d for 4 weeks - An acute oral gavage study of 3beta-acetoxyandrost- 5-ene-7,17-dione (7-oxo-DHEA-acetate) in rats
This study demonstrated that the no-observable adverse effect level for a single oral dose of 7-ODA in male and female rats was 2,000 mg/kg - Dehydroepiandrosterone metabolites and their interactions in humans
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is 7alpha-hydroxylated by the cytochrome P4507B1 in the liver, skin and brain, which are targets for glucocorticoids. 7alpha-Hydroxy-DHEA produced anti-glucocorticoid effects in vivo but the interference between the glucocorticoid hormone binding with its receptor could not be determined.. Both the production of 7alpha-hydroxysteroids and their interference with the activation of cortisone into cortisol are basic to the concept of native anti-glucocorticoids - How short-term transdermal treatment of men with 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone influence thyroid function
Dehydroepiandrosterone may influence thyroid function. Its metabolite, 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone, a precursor of immunomodulatory 7-hydroxylated metabolites and thermogenic agent, belongs to candidates of steroid replacement therapy It was concluded that treatment of 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone affects the thyroid parameters only temporarily and that it provides a considerable persistent amount of 7beta-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone - 7-Keto DHEA The Fat-Burning Metabolite of DHEA
Scientists have known for some time that DHEA supplementation can decrease blood cholesterol levels.15 The question then became which DHEA metabolite or metabolites are responsible for this action. A study at the Institute of Endocrinology in Prague, Czech Republic, revealed that 7-Keto contributes to this cholesterol-lowering activity.16 Ten volunteers aged 27 to 72 years applied a gel containing 25 mg of 7-Keto to their abdominal skin for five consecutive days - Effect of pyruvate and dihydroxyacetone on metabolism and aerobic endurance capacity
When chronically fed to animals as part of their diet, pyruvate plus dihydroxyacetone reduce the rate of weight gain and body fat content during growth. These alterations in growth pattern appear to be the result of an increased loss of calories as heat at the expense of storage of lipid. Pyruvate-dihydroxyacetone supplementation has also been found to improve the insulin sensitivity of insulin resistant rats and reduce plasma cholesterol levels induced by a high cholesterol diet as well as lower blood pressure and heart rate in obese individuals. The mechanism of action is unclear, but available data suggest that the increase in performance following pyruvate-dihydroxyacetone supplementation may be a result of an increased reliance on blood glucose, thus sparing muscle glycogen
SITE MAP
- Candida: Candida infectie - CVS/ME: Chronische vermoeidheid Syndroom - Diabetische complicaties: Behandeling diabetische complicaties - Neuropathie - Retinopathie - Nefropathie - Bloeduiker stabilisatie - Hart en vaatziekten: Cardiomyopathie en Hartfalen - Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure - Hoge bloeddruk - Cholesterol verlaging - Aderverkalking (atherosclerose) - Levensverlenging: Levensverlenging - DHEA - Melatonine - 65+ - Kanker: - Ondersteuningstherapie bij kanker - Artrose en artritis: - Artrose - Artritis - Fibromyalgie: - Fibromyalgie - Urinewegen: - Prostaatklachten - Blaasontsteking - Voeding: Voeding wat is er mis mee - Melk - Suiker - Aanvulling onvolwaardige voeding - Vitamine supplementen: Voedingssupplementen - Overgewicht: - Overgewicht - SLIM - Andere artikelen: - HPU - Astma - Multiple Sclerose - Psoriasis - Staar - Depressie - Behandelingsforum - Orthomoleculaire Geneeskunde
- Candida: Candida infectie - CVS/ME: Chronische vermoeidheid Syndroom - Diabetische complicaties: Behandeling diabetische complicaties - Neuropathie - Retinopathie - Nefropathie - Bloeduiker stabilisatie - Hart en vaatziekten: Cardiomyopathie en Hartfalen - Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure - Hoge bloeddruk - Cholesterol verlaging - Aderverkalking (atherosclerose) - Levensverlenging: Levensverlenging - DHEA - Melatonine - 65+ - Kanker: - Ondersteuningstherapie bij kanker - Artrose en artritis: - Artrose - Artritis - Fibromyalgie: - Fibromyalgie - Urinewegen: - Prostaatklachten - Blaasontsteking - Voeding: Voeding wat is er mis mee - Melk - Suiker - Aanvulling onvolwaardige voeding - Vitamine supplementen: Voedingssupplementen - Overgewicht: - Overgewicht - SLIM - Andere artikelen: - HPU - Astma - Multiple Sclerose - Psoriasis - Staar - Depressie - Behandelingsforum - Orthomoleculaire Geneeskunde
